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 1. List and describe ways by which good vision is beneficial.

 2. Name the three main reasons for poor vision.

 3. Describe the effects of aging on the amount of light that can reach the retina and explain the significance of these changes.

 4. Describe the effects of aging on the sensitivity of the retina to light and explain the significance of these changes.

 5. Describe the effects of aging on color vision and describe effects from altered color vision.

 6. Describe age changes in adaptability to changes in light intensity and describe effects from altered adaptability to changing light intensity.

 7. Describe the effects of aging on light scattering and describe outcomes affecting vision.

 8. Describe the effects of aging on visual acuity for near objects and describe effects from altered near visual acuity.

 9. Describe the effects of aging on visual acuity for distant objects and describe effects from altered visual acuity for distant objects.

10. Describe the effects of aging on visual acuity during motion and describe effects from alteration in visual acuity of motion.

11. Describe the effects of aging on binocular vision and describe effects from altered binocular vision.

12. List the effects in changes in vision resulting from the age changes mentioned in Objectives 3-11.

13. List several ways by which vision among the elderly can be assisted or improved.

14. Describe the effects of aging on defense mechanisms for the eye and describe effects from altered defense mechanisms.

15. Describe the main reasons why the following eye diseases decrease vision: cataracts, age- related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy.

16. Name the four types of stimuli monitored by the ears and name two benefits from monitoring these stimuli.

 17. Describe age changes in cerumen and describe effects from these changes.

18. Describe age changes in ability to hear; ability to hear different frequencies of sound; ability to localize sound; and ability to interpret sound; and give one effect from each change including biological, social, psychological, and economic examples.

19. List the four effects on a person's life style or quality of life that result from the age changes mentioned in Objective 18.

20. Define presbycusis, describe trends with aging in its incidence and severity, describe methods to prevent its occurrence, name methods to compensate when it occurs, and name effects from presbycusis including biological, social, psychological, and economic examples.

21. Define tinnitus and name two effects.

22. Describe the effects of aging on the ability to detect gravity, changes in speed, and rotation, and describe effects from these age changes including biological, social, psychological, and economic examples.

23. List and briefly explain factors that increase the risk of falling and of being injured by a fall as age increases.

24. List some ways of reducing the risk of falling for the elderly and explain why preventing falls is especially important for the elderly including biological, social, psychological, and economic examples.

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