Chapter 5
Respiratory System - Learning ObjectivesReturn to Chapter Index
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1. Name and describe the
contributions to homeostasis made by the respiratory system's two main
functions for homeostasis.
2. Explain the need for
adaptability in gas exchange.
3. Name and describe the three
processes involved in gas exchange.
4. Name and briefly describe each
of the two parts of ventilation.
5. Describe work of breathing and
explain its significance relative to the goals of the respiratory system.
6. Compare and contrast the
mechanisms and outcomes from quiet ventilation (quiet breathing) and forced
ventilation (forced breathing).
7. Explain how the rate
of ventilation is determined.
8. Name and define
total lung capacity and the parts thereof plus dead space.
9.
Name and explain the importance of the five requirements for
proper ventilation.
10. Name two age changes
that affect each of the five requirements for proper ventilation, describe the
results of these age changes on ventilation, and describe the results of these
changes on (1) maximum minute volume, (2) maximum rate of gas exchange, (3)
maximum rate of providing O2 and removing CO2 for body
cells, and (4) work of breathing.
11. Describe age
changes in lung volumes and the effects of these changes on the ability
of the respiratory system to carry out its functions.
12. Describe the overall effects of
age changes altering ventilation on a person's ability to carry out activities
of different intensities.
13. Describe the
overall effects of age changes in pulmonary vessels (perfusion) on gas exchange.
14. Name the three
requirements for effective diffusion.
15. Describe the two age
changes in alveoli and indicate their effect on diffusion.
16. Name the two overall effects
of age changes in the respiratory system on its ability to provide homeostasis
for O2 and CO2 and pH.
17. Describe the effects of amounts
of exercise and levels of health on age changes affecting ventilation.
18. Describe non-biological effects
from age changes in the respiratory system related to biological age changes in
respiration.
19. Name several types of air
pollution and explain why reducing exposure to air pollution is important.
20. Name four reasons for
the increased incidence and severity of respiratory system diseases as age
increases.
21. Name ways (one for each) that
lung cancer reduces each of the three processes in respiration (ventilation,
perfusion, and diffusion).
22. For either chronic
bronchitis, emphysema or pneumonia, explain three
ways that the one you choose reduces respiratory functioning.
23. Describe non-biological effects
from age changes in the respiratory system related to diseases of the
respiratory system.
24. List four adverse effects from
smoking including three from outside the respiratory system.
25. Name two
adverse effects either from snoring or from age changes
in vocalization.
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