Presented as part of symposium on Diseases of Old Age at the
Association for Gerontology in Higher Education, March 2, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA
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Normal joint structure and functions
Diarthrotic (synovial joints)
1. Overall functions
2. Structure
Symphysis joints
1. Structure
2. Overall functions
Arthritis
1. Types
2. Incidence
Osteoarthritis
1. Effects on joints
2. Demographics
3. Causes
a.
primary osteoarthritis
b. secondary OA
4. Joints affected
5. Development
6. Signs and Symptoms
7. Treatments
a.
avoid joint trauma
b. lose weight
c. analgesics
d. NASAIDS
e. hyaluronan injections
f. collagen hydrolysate
g. mild exercise
h. selective muscle strengthening
i. rest
j. assistive devices (e.g., joint supports, cane, walker, wheel chair)
k. proper foot wear
m. heat or cold applications
n. topical salves and ointments
o. surgery
p. psychological support
Rheumatoid arthritis
1. Characteristics
2. Effects on joints
3. Demographics
4. Causes
5. Joints affected
6. Development
7. Signs and Symptoms
8. Treatments
a.
*** try to find better identification of risk factors and pre-clinical
diagnostic tests and screening to initiate prevention and treatments before
serious effects develop
b. rest
c. analgesics
d. NASAIDS
e. hydroxychloroquine
f. ***disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs)
1. expensive
2. ***methotrexate
3. ***celecoxib (Celebrex) (anti-inflammatory and analgesic)
4. ***leflunomide (Arava)
5. ***enterecept (Enebrel) (a protein)
6. ***infliximib (injected) (a mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody)
g. steroidal anti-inflammatory medications
h. *** drugs under study
i.
Protein A immunoadsorption column
j. good nutrition
k. heat or cold applications
l. surgery
m. psychological support or therapy
n. stress reduction
Gouty arthritis
1. Effects on joints
2. Demographics
3. Causes (risk factors)
4. Development
5. Signs and Symptoms
6. Treatments
a.
NSAIDS
b. steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
c. colchicine
d. allopurinol
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