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Biological Problems - undesirable
increases in the following
Circulatory system
-cardiac workload
-high blood pressure
-blood LDLs and cholesterol
-atherosclerosis and its
consequences (heart attack, stroke, etc.)
Respiratory system
-work of breathing
-restriction in breathing
-unevenness of lower lung
ventilation
-pulmonary infection from low
ventilation
Nervous system
-difficulty moving with
Parkinson's disease
Skeletal system
-incidence of fractures
-joint problems
-problems from arthritis
Digestive system
-gall stones
Endocrine system
-incidence and severity of
diabetes mellitus
Miscellaneous problems
-greater incidence and injury from falls
-increased risk of overheating
-problems regulating drug doses
-difficulty with self-care
-less effective or less willing care from care-givers
-poorer hygiene from difficult and restricted
movement, deep skin folds
-less enjoyment of activities due to restrictions to
freedom of movement and quicker onset of fatigue
-decreased self-esteem or self-image
-depression
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Copyright 2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D.,
Salisbury University, Maryland
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