Respiratory System -
Learning Objectives
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1. Name and describe the contributions
to homeostasis made by the respiratory system's two main functions for
homeostasis.
2. Explain the need for adaptability in
gas exchange.
3. Name and describe the three
processes involved in gas exchange.
4. Name and briefly describe each of the
two parts of ventilation.
5. Describe work of breathing and
explain its significance relative to the goals of the respiratory system.
6. Compare and contrast the mechanisms
and outcomes from quiet ventilation (quiet breathing) and forced ventilation
(forced breathing).
7. Explain how the rate of ventilation
is determined.
8. Name and define total lung capacity
and the parts thereof plus dead space.
9.
Name and explain the importance of the five requirements for
proper ventilation.
10. Name two age changes that
affect each of the five requirements for proper ventilation, describe the
results of these age changes on ventilation, and describe the results of these
changes on (1) maximum minute volume, (2) maximum rate of gas exchange, (3)
maximum rate of providing O2 and removing CO2 for body
cells, and (4) work of breathing.
11. Describe age changes in lung volumes
and the effects of these changes on the ability of the respiratory system to
carry out its functions.
12. Describe the overall effects of age
changes altering ventilation on a person's ability to carry out activities of
different intensities.
13. Describe the overall effects of age
changes in pulmonary vessels (perfusion) on gas exchange.
14. Name the three requirements
for effective diffusion.
15. Describe the two age changes
in alveoli and indicate their effect on diffusion.
16. Name the two overall effects
of age changes in the respiratory system on its ability to provide homeostasis
for O2 and CO2 and pH.
17. Describe the effects of amounts of
exercise and levels of health on age changes affecting ventilation.
18. Describe non-biological effects from
age changes in the respiratory system related to biological age changes in
respiration.
19. Name several types of air pollution
and explain why reducing exposure to air pollution is important.
20. Name four reasons for the
increased incidence and severity of respiratory system diseases as age
increases.
21. Name ways (one for each) that lung
cancer reduces each of the three processes in respiration (ventilation,
perfusion, and diffusion).
22. For either chronic
bronchitis, emphysema or pneumonia, explain three
ways that the one you choose reduces respiratory functioning.
23. Describe non-biological effects from
age changes in the respiratory system related to diseases of the respiratory
system.
24. List four adverse effects from
smoking including three from outside the respiratory system.
25. Name two adverse effects either
from snoring or from age changes in vocalization.
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Salisbury University, Maryland
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