Fig. 2.21 Cell life cycle
leading to cell reproduction (a) Life cycle (b) Reproduction by mitosis.
(Sources
of images below. Used with permission.)
Animation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhgRhXl7w_g
https://gfycat.com/acrobaticmeaslyamericanblackvulture-chromosomes-cytokinesis-metaphase
Video:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis#/media/File:Mitosis_Mesenchymal_Stem_Cells.gif
Copyright
2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D., Salisbury University, Maryland
The materials on this site are licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 .
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Previous print editions of the text Human Aging: Biological Perspectives are ©
Copyright 2000, 1994 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and 2020 by Augustine
DiGiovanna.
Sources of image below. Used with permission.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_Cycle_2-2.svg
Description English: By Richard Wheeler (Zephyris)
2006. Schematic representation of the cell cycle. Cytokinesis forms rapidly in the process of the
cell cycle.
Date 25
January 2011, 01:43 (UTC)
· Source Cell_Cycle_2.svg
· derivative work: Histidine (talk)
This is a retouched
picture, which
means that it has been digitally altered from its original version.
Modifications: changed to better represent duration of cell cycle phases.
The original can be viewed here: Cell
Cycle 2.svg: . Modifications made by Histidine.
Original figure:
Description English: The four phases of the cell cycle. G1 - the intitial growth phase. S
- the phase in which DNA is synthesised. G2 - the second growth phase in preparation for cell
division. M - mitosis; where the cell divides to produce two daughter cells
that continue the cell cycle.
Date 14
August 2013, 13:25:17
Source Own work
Author Simon Caulton
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitosis_Stages.svg
Description English: A diagram of mitosis stages
Interphase (G₂): In this substage, the cell prepares for nuclear
division and a protein that makes microtubles for
cell division is synthesized.
Prophase: The longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes
become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope disintegrates and microtubules can
attach to kinetochores. Chromosomes congress toward the metaphase plate of the
cell.
Metaphase: In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of
the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
Anaphase: In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are pulled apart.
Telophase & cytokinesis: Chromosomes decondense and are surrounded
by a newly formed nuclear envelope. Cytokinesis typically coincides with and
telophase.
Date 26
June 2016
Source Own work; Used information from: Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman.
and Nature.com.
Author Ali Zifan
Animations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhgRhXl7w_g
https://gfycat.com/acrobaticmeaslyamericanblackvulture-chromosomes-cytokinesis-metaphase
Video
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis#/media/File:Mitosis_Mesenchymal_Stem_Cells.gif